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Rotary Grating Encoder — Introduction
Classification：
Knowledge
Release Time：
2026-08-27
Author：
Changchun Rongde
Source：
Changchun Rongde
Rotary grating encoder is a high‑precision angular displacement sensor widely used in industrial automation, motion control and precision measurement fields. Based on the principle of optical grating diffraction, it converts mechanical rotational movement into digital electrical signals for angle, position and speed feedback.
The core components include optical code disc (circular grating), light source, photoelectric receiving unit and signal processing circuit. The circular grating disc is etched with countless evenly‑spaced fine grating lines. When the shaft drives the grating disc to rotate, light passes through the gratings to produce periodic light‑and‑shadow changes. The photoelectric element captures these light signals and converts them into pulse or serial communication signals. System controllers can calculate rotation angle, rotational speed and rotation direction by analyzing these output signals.
Compared with other encoder types, rotary grating encoders feature high angular accuracy, good repeatability, strong anti‑interference performance and stable long‑term performance. They are divided into incremental type and absolute type. Incremental encoders output pulse signals with rotation and are suitable for general‑purpose speed and position tracking. Absolute rotary grating encoders output unique digital codes corresponding to each angle position, which can read real‑time angle data immediately upon power‑on without returning to zero position, ideal for high‑reliability industrial scenarios.
Typical application scenarios cover CNC machine tools, robotics, servo motors, printing equipment, precision testing instruments, aerospace‑related equipment and heavy‑duty automation machinery. High‑grade circular grating encoders adopt large‑diameter code disc design to achieve ultra‑high resolution and angular precision, meeting demanding requirements for ultra‑precision motion control.
With continuous advancement of optical‑electronic manufacturing, modern rotary grating encoders support mainstream industrial interfaces including BISS‑C, EnDat, CANopen and RS485. Compact mechanical structure, wide operating temperature range and excellent shock‑vibration resistance make them reliable feedback solutions for complex industrial environments.
Key words：
optical code disc ，, encoder ,Rotary Grating Encoder
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